English philosopher, politician and essayist
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The introduction of new inventions seems to be the very chief of all human Actions. The Benefits of new Inventions may extend to all mankind universally; but the Good of political Achievements can respect but some particular Cantons of Men; these latter do not endure above a few Ages, the former forever Inventions make all Men happy, without either Injury or Damage to any one single Person. Furthermore, new Inventions are, as it were, new Erections and Imitations of God's own Works.
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Bacon became Lord Chancellor in 1618. In that same year he confessed to taking bribes
and was punished with a fine of £40;,000 and he was incarcerated in the Tower
of London for four days. The fine was later remitted by the king but his banishment
from Court and office in 1621 left him free to concentrate more completely on his
beloved scientific interests.
In works like The Advancement of Learning and Novum Organum 1620, Bacon advanced
challenging views of scientific method. He fiercely criticized Aristotle and the
deductive mode supposedly followed ever since under the mental tyranny of
Scholasticism. He instead promoted 'induction', laying emphasis on the exhaustive
collection of empirical data and its rigorous processing via a logical mill until
general causes and conclusions were almost mechanically ground out.
Bacon died in 1626 as a consequence of catching a chill during an experiment;
he had been stuffing the carcase of a chicken with snow in an experiment in
refrigeration.
The Advancement of Learning, 1605
in which he discussed scientific method.
Novum organum, 1620
in which Bacon defines natural science as a means of empirical discovery, also as a
means of increasing human power and control over nature.
The New Atlantis, 1626
Bacon's vision the systematic seeking and exploitation of scientific knowledge in a
utopian state.
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